测量复习题（Review questions）.docVIP

测量复习题（Review questions） 6 reference ellipsoid plumb line 7 geocentric coordinate system of geodesic coordinates in Cartesian coordinates 8 the stationary surface of the water is called the geoid. The geoid is formed by the gravitational field of the earths surface. It is a continuous surface perpendicular to the direction of gravity, so it is the equipotential surface of a gravitational field. Imagine a stationary sea surface extending to the land part. In this way, the surface of the earth forms a smooth surface that is more smooth than the natural surface of the earth. This surface is called the geoid. Consider a closed gravitational plane that surrounds the entire earth, merging with the rest of the average sea surface and extending into the interior of the continent. The ellipsoid of rotation is not to be used instead 9 absolute elevation (or elevation) refers to the distance from the ground point along the vertical direction to the geoid. In some areas, it is sometimes necessary to assume a Gao Cheng initial surface, and the vertical distance from the ground point to the level is called relative Gao Cheng Eleven 12, referred to as Gauss projection, by German mathematician and physicist, astronomer Gauss prepared, and later by the German geodetic scientist Krueger to supplement it, it is a cross section of the same tangent cylindrical projection. It considers the earth as a sphere. It assumes that a plane is rolled into a cylindrical cylinder, and that it is placed outside the sphere, so that the axis of the transverse column passes through the center of the sphere, and a meridian on the sphere is tangent to the cylindrical surface of the transverse axis. Thus, the projection of the meridian on the cylindrical surface is a straight line, and the line of intersection between the equatorial plane and the cylindrical surface is a straight line projecting perpendicular to the meridian. The transverse cylindrical surface is expanded into a plane, and the two orthogon