水稻根系形态生理与产量品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系.PDF

中国农业科学 2011,44(1):36-46 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.01.005 水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系 杨建昌 (扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009) 摘要：植物根系既是水分和养分吸收的主要器官，又是多种激素、有机酸和氨基酸合成的重要场所，其形态 和生理特性与地上部的生长发育有密切联系。本文综述了水稻根系形态生理与产量形成及水分养分吸收利用的关 系，介绍了根系化学信号（激素、有机酸等）对稻米品质形成的作用及根尖细胞超微结构与地上部生长发育关系 的最新研究进展，讨论了水稻根系研究存在的问题和今后研究的重点。 关键词：水稻；根系；化学讯号；细胞超微结构；产量；品质 Relationships of Rice Root Morphology and Physiology with the Formation of Grain Yield and Quality and the Nutrient Absorption and Utilization YANG Jian-chang (College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu) Abstract: Roots are an integral part of plant organs and involved in acquisition of nutrients and water, synthesis of plant hormones, organic acids and amino acids, and anchorage of plants. Root morphology and physiology are closely associated with the growth and development of above-ground part of plant. In this review, the relationships of root morpho-physiological traits with the formation of grain yield and the absorbtion of water and nutrients in rice were summerized. Recent advances in research on the role of the root chemical signals, such as hormones and organic acids, in the formation of grain quality of rice and the relation of ultra-structure of root tip cells with the growth and development of above-ground part of plant were intruduced. The existing problems and futher studies on rice roots were discussed. Key words: rice; root syste