皮肤的结构及护理（Structure and care of the skin）.doc

皮肤的结构及护理（Structure and care of the skin） The skin is the largest organ in the human body, the total weight of the body weight of 5% to 15%, the total area of 1.5 to 2 square meters, the thickness varies from person to person or place, from 0.5 to 4 mm. The skin covers the whole body and prevents the tissues and organs of the body from physical, mechanical, chemical, and pathogenic microbial invasion. The skin has two barrier functions: on the one hand, it prevents the loss of water, electrolytes and other substances in the body; on the other hand it prevents the invasion of harmful substances from outside. Maintain the stability of the human body environment, play an important physiological function of protection, at the same time, the skin is also involved in the human metabolism process. The skin has several colors (white, yellow, red, brown, black, etc.), mainly due to race, age and location vary. The skin consists of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue and contains appendages (sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nails, toenails), blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and muscles. First, the epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, with an average thickness of 0.2 mm, according to the different stages of development and morphological characteristics of cells, from the outside can be divided into 5 layers. 1. stratum corneum: composed of several layers of keratinocytes, containing keratin. It can resist friction, prevent leakage and chemical immersion fluid. Strong keratin water absorption capacity, water content is generally not less than 10%, in order to maintain the skin soft, if less than this value, the skin is dry, chapped or scaly appearance. Because of different parts, the thickness difference is very large, such as the eyelids, foreskin, forehead, abdomen, and other parts of the cubital fossa is thin, metacarpal and metatarsal thick parts. The cells of the stratum corneum have no nucleus. If there is a nuclear remnant, it is called keratosis. 2. tran