生态环境服务付费的国际经验及其对中国的启示-中国农业大学人文与.pdfVIP

生态环境 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 生态环境服务付费的 国际经验及其对中国的启示 靳乐山 李小云 左停 （中国农业大学人文与发展学院，北京 100094） 摘要:生态环境服务付费在国际上引起关注的三个背景是:（1）生态问题的凸显;（2）新古典经济学意识形态的流行;（3）保 护环境和减少贫困一石两鸟的期望。与生态环境服务付费理念相似的概念，在我国一般被称为生态补偿。生态补偿在我国受 到重视是国情使然。这一国情与上述三个背景有共通之处，也有独特之处。这决定了生态环境服务付费的国际经验对我国生 态补偿有潜在的借鉴意义，同时生态补偿又有中国特色。生态环境服务付费的国际经验对我国的主要启示是:（1）需要提高 下游（环境服务需求方）的生态补偿意识;（2）公平的生态补偿机制要求考虑上游保护生态环境的机会成本;（3）权属明晰 化是使生态补偿机制长久可持续的前提;（4）政府应鼓励地方创新形式多样的补偿形式;等等。 关键词:生态环境服务付费;生态补偿;流域生态补偿;生态系统服务付费 Payment for Environmental Services:International Practice and Lessons and Implication for China JIN Le-sh an , LI X iao -yun , ZUO Ting (Colleg e o f Hu m an ities and D ev elopm ent, Ch ina A gricu ltu ral Un iv ersity, B eijing 100094, Ch in a) Ab stract: P aym ent for Env ironm ental Serv ices (PE S) draw s mu ch attention in th e intern ational aren a w ith th e follow ing three b ackground s: 1) ecosy stem or ecological p roblem s tak e over th e conventional environm ental po llu tion as th e m ost impo rtant env ironm ental issu es; 2) the neo -classic econom ics ideology p rev ails th ese years; 3) policy m ak ers are interested to exp lore th e po tential s o f PE S as an in stru m ent to solv e th e env ironm ent al p roblem s and r educe pov erty at th e sam e tim e. E cological Comp en sation (EC) in China is someth ing similar to PES . Th e almo st sam e background s in China as worldw ide make E C be much emph asized recent y ears although E C h as its Ch in ese ch aracteristics. Ch in a could learn from intern ational PE S p ractice and lesson s, su ch as 1) th e compen sation awaren ess o f the down stream shou ld be raised as it is going to b e the main drive o f th e PE S