稻田节水少耕技术及机具的研究与试验.PDFVIP

稻田节水少耕技术及机具的研究与试验 Study on Minimum Tillage With Water Saving technology and Implement for paddy field 许春林 Xu Chunlin 哈尔滨市农业机械化研究所 Institute of Agricultural Machinery Research Harbin city. 2007.10 概述 Abstract • 目前稻田的耕作模式及存在的问题 传统水田的整地方式一直采用铧式犁或旋耕机进行翻、旋耕整地, 而后灌水泡田 、水耙、耢平、沉浆、插秧等田间作业的耕作制度。 • For many years, in our country the paddy production has always adopted the tillage system of traditional plowing or rotary hoe to till soil, and pouring water into field to dunk soil, then paddy harrowing, smashing, leveling and dragging and so on. 翻耕作业 水耙作业 2 存在的问题 1、水稻田的耕层土壤退化严重（老稻田低产现象）。 2、耕整地周期长、费用高、耗水多且浪费严重。 3、秸秆根茬还田量少和有机质下降等。 4、对环境造成污染（含农药、化肥、有机质的池水向周围环境排放）。 There are many problems in this method of tillage, such as high expenses, consuming too much water, long circle for plowing and soil preparation, small quantity of straw back into filed, not good enough of soil structure in plough and so on. 3 稻田土壤的特点 • 稻田土壤是一种特殊的土壤结构类型，土粒分散程度高，多呈单粒状 态，易沉实板结。当耕层水分饱和，空气被排除时，呈还原状态,秋季 排水落干后充满空气时，又呈氧化状态。这样反复循环形成一种特殊 的物理、化学、生物学过程。 • The soil of paddy field is a special type of soil, it is different to the dry land soil which has good perviousness. 针对稻田土壤的特点和传统耕作方法的弊端，我们研发并 试验了几种新的稻田耕作技术及机具 We Study on Minimum Tillage With Water Saving technology and Implement for paddy field 4 一、稻田带状少耕润田插秧技术及机具 Minimum Tillage With Water Saving technology and Implement for paddy field 技术要点 • 留茬行间分层旋耕 • 苗带全层混施肥或深施肥