混沌与分形——非线性条件下的数形结合.docVIP

冯如杯创新大赛论文 混沌与分形 ——非线性条件下的数形结合 专业名称 数学与系统科学学院 学生姓名 段潇楠 陈安琪 申远 指导教师 裴森 2011 年 4 月 3 日 摘要 混沌是一种近似于随机的确定性轨迹，在现实世界中很多事物都包含着混沌现象，著名的蝴蝶效应就是混沌现象的一个例子。分形是一种脱离于整数维的几何图形，最显著的特征就是它的自相似性，这也使得分形图形具有相当的美感。混沌和分形是非线性科学的重要组成部分，两者具有相同的本质，就好比代数和几何。由康托尔集既能产生混沌又具有分形特征，我们可以很好的把两者统一起来。吸引子在收缩方向的“似康托尔”结构是混沌吸引子拓扑本质部分，因此也具有分形特征。本文我们就分形的分类提出一点猜想，我们可以根据图像外观上的部分相似性来区分分形图像间的类别，进一步，我们可以通过混沌现象的不同分类对分形进行分类，两者相辅相成，这就是非线性条件下的数形结合。 关键词 混沌，分形，吸引子，非线性数形结合，康托尔集 Summary The chaos is a kind of approximate to random deterministic trajectory. There are many chaos phenomena in the real world, the famous the butterfly effect is an example of chaos phenomena. Fractal graph is totally different from integer dimension of geometrical, the most remarkable feature is its self-similarity, and makes the fractal graph with considerable aesthetic feeling. Chaos and fractal is an important part of the nonlinear science, and both have the same nature, like algebra and geometry. Cantors set produces chaos and shows the fractal characteristics, from this, we can unify the two together. Similar structures of cantor’s set, which attractors in direction of contraction have is topological essential to chaotic attractors, therefore, chaotic attractors also have the fractal characteristics. In this article, we put forward a guess of the classification of fractal graphs. We can differentiate the fractal image categories according to the partly similarity of the image. Meanwhile, we can classify fractal graphs through chaos phenomenon. Both supplement each other; this is the combination of quantities and spatial forms in nonlinear conditions. Key word Chaos, Fractal, Attractor, The combination of quantities and spatial forms in nonlinear conditions, Cantors set  目录 混沌与分形 1 ——非线性条件下的数形结合 1 摘要 2 关键词 2 Summary 2 Key word 3 目录 4 引言 6 混沌介绍 6 特征 6 对初态的敏感依赖性 6 确定论系统中的内在随机性：有序与无序了统一 7 局部不稳定而整体稳定 7 奇怪吸引子 7 分型结构与无限自相似 8 混沌的理论证明 8 定理1 8 定义1 8 定义2 9 定义3 9 定义4 9 定理2 9 定义5 10 定义6 10