18传染病-1结核病.ppt

Ⅱ.Chages in other organ Typhoid fever is associated with a great variety of lesions which are widely distributed and may arise during the course of the disease or later: they are due to endotoxaemia and bacteraemia. 3.complications 并发症 Severe hemorrhage may occur from the intestinal ulcers. A more serious complication resulting from extensive necrosis is perforation of the small vowel with usually fatal generalized peritonitis. 肠穿孔、腹膜炎 Development of laryngitis, bronchitis and bronchopneumonia may be due to invasion by other bacteria. 支气管性肺炎 Bacillary dysentery 细菌性痢疾 Bacillary dysentery — an acute pseudomembranous inflammation caused by shigella species and a common intestinal infectous disease. 1.Etiology and pathogenesis Pathogen — Shigella species, gram-negative bacilli. The four species of Shigella are pathogenic for humans *Shifella sonnei *Shigella flexneri *Shigella boydii—uncommon *Shigella dysenteriae—produces a severe illness the common species and cause a relatively mild illness Source of infection —patients and healthful carriers. Routes of infection — atypical fecal — oral transmission. transmitted by food and water contaminated by shigella. flies serve as an important vectors in transmission. Pathogenesis— the organisms invade directly the intestinal mucosa. multiplication in the lamina propria and teleasing the toxin Toxaemia Producing an acute inflammation and tissues injury 2.Pathology and clinical features Location—sigmoid colon, rectum are the most commonly affected area and in severe conclitions all the colon and the terminal ileum can be affected乙状结肠、直肠 ① Acute bacillary dysentery 急性细菌性痢疾 Initial, acute catarrh inflammation—producing an acute inflam- mation with diffuse hyperemia, edema, punctuate hemorrhage, infiltrating of inflammatory cells (neutrophils), excess mucus secretion and formation superficial erosion