神经系统药理3肾上腺素能神经系统.ppt

Caffeine 咖啡因 A Psychomotor stimulants 1. Pharmacological effects (1) Central stimulation (2) CVS effects: cardiac stimulation, dilatation of vessels (3) Relaxing smooth muscles: airways, GI (4) Other effects: Gastric acid secretion, diuretic effect (5) Mechanisms of action：inhibiting PDE- cAMP ? ；antagonizing A1 adenosine receptor GABA receptor A Psychomotor stimulants 2. Clinical uses Central depression Adjuvant of migraine and antipyretic-analgesic drugs （解热镇痛抗炎药） 3. Adverse effects Central excitation Convulsion (overdose) A Psychomotor stimulants Methylphenidate 哌甲酯（利他灵） used for central depression caused by drugs or diseases; mild depression; child hyperactivity; enuresis; etc. Meclofenoxate 甲氯芬酯（氯酯醒） Adjuvant of central depressive diseases; enuresis; etc. A Psychomotor stimulants 能成瘾的药物种类 1、麻醉药品（narcotic drugs） 2、精神药物（psychotropic substances） 作用于中枢神经系统，能使之兴奋或抑制，反复应用能产生精神依赖性的药品。 1）镇静催眠药及抗焦虑药（sedative-hypnotics and anxiolytics） 2）精神兴奋剂（psychostimulants） 3）致幻剂（hallucinogens） 3、其他：烟、酒、有机溶剂 A Psychomotor stimulants 咖啡因 尼古丁 可卡因 安非他命 D-麦角酸二乙胺 大麻 苯环利定 乙醇 巴比妥类 苯二氮卓类 吗啡 海洛因 Nikethamide 尼可刹米 B Respiratory center stimulants 1. Pharmacological effects Direct (respiratory centre) and indirect (reflex via chemoreceptor) stimulation 2. Clinical uses Respiratory failure 3. Adverse effects Elevation of BP, tachycardia, tremor, convulsion B Respiratory center stimulants Dimefline 二甲弗林 （回苏灵） Direct stimulation Lobeline 洛贝林（山梗菜碱） Indirect stimulation B Respiratory center stimulants * Re’versal * The linear slope for drug A is typical of many of the older sedative-hypnotics, including the barbiturates and alcohols. With such drugs, an increase in dose higher than that needed for hypnosis may lead to a state of general anesthesia. At still higher doses, these sedative-hypnotics may depress respiratory and vasomotor centers in the medulla, leading to coma and death. Deviations from a linear dose-response relationship, as shown for