小型风力发电系统毕业设计.doc

小型风力发电系统设计 摘 要 人类进入到二十世纪以来，快速发展的经济对能源的需求日益增加，不可再生资源的储量越来越少，能源危机日趋严重。风能作为一种清洁、高效的可再生能源越来越受到人们的重视，风力发电技术真正实现了能源的可持续发展。 本文综述了风力发电及其控制技术的发展状况，论述了小型风力发电系统的基本组成、工作原理及风力机、发电机、蓄电池等各组成部分的运行原理；在分析现有结构的基础上，提出了包括不可控桥式整流器和Buck变换器的系统结构。 这种结构有利于实现负载跟踪和充放电集成控制，且具有结构简单、可靠性高等优点；给出了支持功率控制策略且结构简单的小型风力发电系统结构，它包括风力机、永磁同步发电机(PMSG)、二极管整流桥、Buck变换器、蓄电池、逆变器和控制器；在分析风力机、负载和蓄电池工作状态的基础上，提取出集成控制系统的工作模式，给出了基于直流侧电压、电流确定工作模式的检测方法及各种工作模式之间的转换关系；给出了实现集成控制系统工作模式相应的控制策略，主要包括最大功率控制、负载跟踪和蓄电池充放电控制、运行保护控制。 最后，根据风能数据和负载情况的分析结果，设计计算一种小型风力发电系统，包括风力机容量计算、蓄电池匹配计算、逆变器和控制装置的选择等。该系统能够为用户独立供电，也可以作为户外监测装置的永久电源。 关键词：风力发电；Buck变换器；空比特性曲线；最大功率控制_ Small wind power generation systems design Abstract Since the twentieth century, mankind has entered the rapidly developing economy and increasing demand for energy, non-renewable resources of the reserves less and less, the energy crisis is worsening. Wind power as a clean, efficient renewable energy more and more attention has been paid, wind energy power technology truly sustainable development. The development situation of wind power generation and its control technologies are summarized.The basic configuration,working principle of small scale wind power generating system,operation principle of wind turbines,generator and battery etc are discussed in this paper. The architecture of small scale wind power generating systems which is composed of rectifying bridge and buck chopper is put forward by analyzing the existing architecture.It is avail to implement integrated control of load power tracking and battery charging,moreover it has simple structure and high reliability.The configuration of small wind power generation systems with simple structure which consists of wind turbine,PMSG,diode rectifying bridge, Buck converter,batteries and controller,it is put forward to realize the power control strategy.Based on the state analysis of wind turbines,load power and the working modes of battery the integrated control systems are extracted.Working modes of the syst