分蘖期节水处理对水稻生物学特性的影响-中国农业科学.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(9):1767-1773 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 分蘖期节水处理对水稻生物学特性的影响 周广生，徐才国，靳德明，崔克辉，曹凑贵，蔡明历，骆炳山 （华中农业大学农学系，武汉 430070 ） 摘要：选用4个水稻品种（系）为材料，在分蘖盛期进行不同程度的节水处理，对其生物学特性的动态变化 进行了初步研究。结果表明，水稻分蘖期具有很强的自我调节能力，节水处理期间及处理结束后，植株有机物的 运转及根系分布均可发生改变，以减轻干旱伤害；分蘖盛期节水处理导致水稻耗水量的下降由处理期间及处理结 束后植株耗水量的减少两部分所组成，节水潜力大，但在品种及处理间存在显著差异；分蘖期适度节水胁迫处理 可以显著提高处理期及处理结束到完熟期的水分利用效率；节水处理对水稻产量与稻米品质的影响在品种与处理 间存在差异，一定程度节水处理可提高某些品种的产量与稻米品质，但也可使一些品种的产量下降，故节水抗旱 栽培应选择适当品种。 关键词：水稻；节水栽培；生物学特性 Effects of Water Saving Treatment at Tillering Stage on Biological Characteristics of Rice ZHOU Guang-sheng, XU Cai-guo, JIN De-ming, CUI Ke-hui, CAO Cou-gui, CAI Ming-li, LUO Bing-shan (Department of Agronomy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 ) Abstract: Using 4 rice varieties, the dynamic changes of several biological characteristics were studied under different degrees of water saving treatment at tillering stage. The results showed that rice plant could change the transfer of organic matter and root characters to alleviate drought harm in the course of and after water saving treatments, suggesting strong self-adjustment ability. Water saving treatment reduced water consumption of rice plant in the course of treatment and after treatment, but the difference between rice varieties was significant or highly significant. Suitable drought at tillering stage could enhance water use efficiency (WUE) of rice plant significantly in the course of and after treatment. The differences in yield and rice quality between rice varieties in various water saving treatments were significant or highly significant. The effects of water saving treatments on yield and quality depended on rice varieties, suggesting that it is very important to select rice varieties in water saving cultivation.