英语的语法—句子成分和句子类型.ppt

Grammar 句子成分 主 谓 宾 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 同位语 主语 谓语 宾语 观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的“主语” 、“谓语” 、“宾语”吗? 因此这是个典型的“主谓宾”句型。 I beat you . 主语 谓语 宾语 SVO 主语 (Subject) 主语是动作的主体部分 在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者 I teach you English.　 在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者 You are beaten . 主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。 Twelve divided by four is three.（数词） 主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。 What I want to do is join the party. Smoking is harmful to your health. To learn English is difficult. 谓语 (Predicate) 谓语 表示一个动作、行为，是由动词充当的。 I teach you English. 一个句子能不能没有谓语? 谓语 不能 宾语 (Object): 宾语的分类： 动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。 I love you. 介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。 I want to give this book to you. 宾语一般由名词、代词充当。 宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。 He told me that he felt lonely. He likes swimming. 介词补语 动宾 介宾 定语 (Attributive): 定语的作用 用于修饰、限定名词或代词。 定语一般由？？？充当。 a beautiful girl 定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。 a pencil box 定语 形容词 定语 (Attributive): 定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。 Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others. an interesting book a meeting to attend 定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。 The man over there The books on the shelf 状语(Adverbial) 状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词的成分。 状语一般由副词充当。 Those problems are pretty hard. 形容词也可以充当状语。 Happy to see him, she forgot everything. 状语(Adverbial) 介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。 They managed to finish the job before Monday.（介词词组） The old man sat on the bench, enjoying the sun-set.（现在分词词组） As he was leaving the office, it started to rain.（时间状语从句） 补语(Complement) 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。 补语一般由名词或形容词充当。 I am a teacher. (S C) Don’t leave me alone. (O C) 主语补语 宾语补足语 PS：位于连系动词后的主语补语又称“表语”。 Notice:这是一句“SVC”句型不是“SVO” 补语(Complement) 副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句都可以在系动词后充当补语( 也称表语)。 Time is up. (adv.) They are in the classroom. (prep.) The place is where we first met each other. 副词、介词（词组）或非谓语动词也可以充当宾语补足语。 She laid the baby on the bed. (prep.) I saw him rushing into the classroom. 同位语(Appositive) 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends. 名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象名词为多） The news that he went abroad surprised me. 句