英语语法幻灯片 07 动词与动词词组.ppt

Verbs and Verb phrase Classification Main verbs and auxiliaries Link verb Dynamic verbs and stative verbs Single-word verbs and phrasal verbs Finite verbs and non-finite verb Regular verbs and irregular verbs Characters of verbs Classification Classification of verbs forms various angles will go a long way towards understanding verbs and verb phrases both grammatically and semantically. Classification 1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词。例如： We are having a meeting.　 我们正在开会。（have是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.　他已去纽约。（have是助动词。） Classification 3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词、不及物动词，英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） Classification 4） 动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词、非限定动词例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。） 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。 Classification 5） 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） Classification 6） 动词有五种形态，分别是：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。 Classification——Main verbs and auxiliaries According to the different roles played in the formation of verb phrases, verbs are divided into two major classes : main verbs and auxiliaries . As we know, a verb phrase may consist of main verb only; this is called a simple verb phrase. A verb phrase may also take the form of a main verb preceded by one or more auxiliaries; this is called a complex verb phrase. Classification——Main verbs and auxiliaries Main verbs are also called notional verbs functioning as the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase. The gramma