英语的语法7.不定式.ppt

一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。如： I hope to become a university student this year.（to become发生在hope之后） We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.（play和hear同时发生） 进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。常用在appear，happen，pretend，seem，hope，promise之后。如： The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in. They seemed to be discussing something important. She pretended to be listening attentively． 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如： Im sorry to have kept you waiting. This machine is said to have been tested. 据说已经对这台机器进行了实验。 The test was known to have been going on for three years. 据悉这项实验已进行了三年。 在plan，hope，expect, mean, intend等动词过去时的后边用完成式的不定式动词，则表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等,“本希望/计划/想/打算……”。 We planed to have made this experiment yesterday. 我们本来计划昨天做这个实验。（实际上昨天没有做这个实验。） I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot. =I had meant to telephone… 【即学即练】 一、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said (study) abroad, but I don’t know which country he studies in. 2. The workers do nothing but (drink) tea and talk to each other. 3. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced (leave) their homes. 1. 史密斯先生警告他的女儿酒后绝不能驾车。 2. 除了往回走外，我们别无选择。 3. 据说，这个城市已发展成了一个现代艺术中心。 作主语 作主语补足语 作宾语 作宾语补足语 作定语 作状语 独立结构 不定式作主语 To develop our industry and agriculture rapidly is necessary. 上句也可改用形式主语it的句子结构表示，即： It is necessary to develop our industry and agriculture rapidly. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同： 前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作,一般的和抽象的概念 。例如： To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. Walking is a good form of exercise. 作主语补语 比较： They made the boy work all day long. The boy was made to work all day long.  不定式作宾语 1. 学习不定式作宾语时，要注意掌握四种动词： 1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。　　 2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, avoid, 等。 3) 后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，且没有大 的区别的动词。常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。 4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。 I regret saying what I said. I shouldnt have said it. I regret to tell