湖泊湿地保护与修复研究进展颜雄.docVIP

湖泊湿地保护与修复研究进展颜雄 　　摘要：本文分析了当前湖泊湿地面临的水质污染、面积萎缩、生物多样性下降、生物入侵严重、研究手段单一、方向模糊、教育滞后、法制不完善、管理混乱等问题，并从湖泊湿地功能性出发，提炼出湖泊湿地保护与修复的八大原则。此外，分别从物理措施、化学措施、生物措施三个方面，综述了国内外湿地修复研究进展，最后提出制定湖泊湿地保护总体框架、全盘规划、侧重与生态水工结合、完善市场运作机制等保护对策。并从生态监测、系统调控、退化诊断、评价机制、科学规划、深化研究、强化管理等方面予以展望，以期促进对湖泊湿地研究和湖泊湿地保护与修复学科的整体发展。 　　关键词：湖泊湿地；湿地保护；湿地修复；研究进展 　　中图分类号：S157：TV213.4文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）05-0151-08 　　Research Progress on Protection and Restoration of Urban Wetlands 　　Yan Xiong，Wei Xianliang，Wei Qianhe，Wang Chen，Peng Errui 　　（College of Hydraulic Engineering，Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming 650201，China） 　　AbstractIn this paper， we analyzed the problems faced by lake wetlands， such as water pollution， area shrinkage， biodiversity loss， serious biological invasion， single research method， ambiguous direction， lagging education， imperfect legal system and management chaos. Start from the functionality of lake wetlands， eight major principles concerning lake wetlands protection and restoration were put forward. In addition， the research progress of wetland restoration both at home and abroad was also summarized from three aspects of physical measures， chemical measures and biological measures. In the end， we raised the overall framework of lake wetlands protection and overall planning， focusing on integration with eco-hydraulics， market operation mechanism and other protective countermeasures. With the purpose to promote the research on lake wetlands， and the overall development of the subject of wetlands protection and restoration， the future was expected from ecology monitoring， system regulation， degradation diagnosis， evaluation mechanism， scientific planning， deepening research， strengthening management and other aspects. 　　KeywordsLake wetlands； Wetland protection； Wetland restoration； Research progress 　　《?竦毓?约》中的湿地定义：“陆地上所有的水体、湿地内水深超过6 m的水域和低潮时水深不超过6 m的海滨”[1]。照此定义，湿地应包括湖泊、沼泽、水库、池塘、水田、蓄滞洪区、湿草甸、河流河口三角洲以及低潮时水深浅于6 m的海域部位，其中湖泊湿地包括永久性淡水湖、咸水湖、内陆盐湖和季节性淡水湖、咸水湖[2]。 　　湖泊湿地作为一种重要的自然资源，发挥着供水、灌