华北平原典型井灌区农田水循环过程研究回顾-中国生态农业学报.pdfVIP

2011 9 19 5 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Sep. 2011, 19(5): 1004−1010 30 年研究与示范回顾 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.01004 * 沈彦俊 刘昌明 ( 050022) 本文回顾了中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站在农田水分循环和水量转化方面的研究工作和进 展。目前, 对于冬小麦−夏玉米农田的蒸散耗水量及其结构(植物蒸腾和土壤蒸发)有较详细的研究结果。全年 总蒸散量多年平均870 mm, 每年亏缺的350 mm 左右需要靠提取地下水保证; 同位素分析结果显示土壤蒸发 的深度在地表下20 cm 处, 而植物蒸腾耗水也主要是利用0~40 cm 土层的土壤水分。对于土壤深层渗漏量和 地下水接受垂直补给的问题, 不同研究结果间仍然存在较大差异, 尚需更精细的试验来确定。对于区域水量平 衡和地下水资源可持续性的评价和管理, 目前急需重点开展区域蒸散量的精确估算和模拟研究, 以及不同土 地利用和不同农业种植方式的水量平衡与水分转化过程研究。 农田水循环 能量平衡 水量转换 蒸散结构 华北平原 井灌区 : S19 : A : 1671-3990(2011)05-1004-07 Agro-ecosystems water cycles of the typical irrigated farmland in the North China Plain SHEN Yan-Jun, LIU Chang-Ming (Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China) Abstract This paper reviewed the research progresses on hydrological cycles and water transformation studies at Luancheng Agro-Ecosystem Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (simplified as Luancheng Station) during the past 30 years. As a mostly achieved progress, the evapotranspiration (ET) and its partitioning over irrigated winter wheat-summer maize cropland, which is the most common cultivation pattern in North China Plain, are clarified through multi-years observations using weighing lysimeter, micrometeorological measurements, and isotopic analysis. The annual ET of the irrigated wheat-maize field can reach to 870 mm·a−1, which exceeds the annual precipitation by around 350 mm at an averag