汉语得字句的英译处理.docVIP

第十章 汉语“得”字句的英译处理 “得”字在汉语中的使用频率较高，它兼有动词和助词的功能。如：骑车来回得一个半小时。（It will take an hour and a half to make a return journey by bicycle.），这个礼堂能坐得下1500人吗？（Can this auditorium hold 1500 people?）。本节着重讨论“得”字作为结构助词时的翻译问题。 作为结构助词“得”字有两种基本用法。一种是位于动词之后，连接补语，表示能力或可能性，如“论唱歌谁能比得上他？(Who can match him in singing?)；另一种是位于动词或形容词之后，连接补语，表示结果或程度，如：他气得说不出话来。（He was too angry to speak.）。下面分别举例说明。 表示能力或可能性的“得”字句 表示能力或可能性的“得”字句的英译处理比较简单，基本上可以采用下列四种途径： 1、采用英语中的情态动词can (could) 这东西晒得晒不得？ Can we dry it in the sun or not? 这房子太贵了，但我还是买得起的。 The house is too expensive, but I still can afford it. 你到底拿得动还是拿不动？ Can you carry this or not? 这件大衣，我想今年冬天还是能应付得过去。 I think I can make do with this coat for the winter. 2、采用英语中带后缀“-able”的形容词 这种蘑菇吃得。 Mushrooms of this kind are edible. 他的字还过得去。 His handwriting is presentable. 房东太太毛病虽多，我还是忍得了。 The landlady is tolerable despite her many shortcomings. 他说得天花乱坠，其他人也觉得计划行得通。 He shot his mouth off, and the other people also took it for granted that the plan was workable. 3、采用英语短语“to be able to”和“to be capable of” 他看得出两者的差别。 He was able to see the difference between the two. 他们什么事情都个得出来。 They are capable of anything. 他能担得起大事情。 He is capable of great things. 4、采用其他情态动词或转换成祈使句 这件事放松不得。 This matter must be paid close attention to. 要取得成绩，就得努力学习。 One must study hard to achieve good results. 蓝子里有鸡蛋，压不得。 There are eggs in the basket. Don’t press it. 这太贵了，买不得。 It’s sunlight robbery. Don’t buy it. 二、表示程度或结果的“得”字句 表示程度或结果的“得”字句的英译处理就相对要复杂一些，下面列举一些常见的处理方法： 1、采用“so…that…”, “so…as to…”, “such…that…”等结构 这孩子玩电子游戏机玩得心都野了。 The child is so crazy about electronic games that he just can’t take his mind off them. 这件事愁得他夜不安枕。 He was so worried about it that he hardly slept a wink at night. 他酒喝得太多了，一下子就醉了。 He drank so much that he soon got drunk. 这个中年人壮实得像个小伙子似的。 The middle-aged man is so strong as to look like a young man. 差别大得人人都看得出来。 It is such a great difference that all will perceive it. 他们要好得难舍难分。 They are such close friends that they are almost inseparable. 2、采用“too…to”, “too…for…”, “enough…