乌梁素海表层海水中重金属元素的空间分布及生态风险评价李卫平1.DOC

乌梁素海表层海水中重金属元素的空间分布及生态风险评估( 李卫平1，王晓云1，段浩洁1，于玲红1* （1.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院，包头，014010） 摘 要：以乌梁素海为研究对象，于2014年4月采集表层水样，利用地统计方法对表层海水中的重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn的分布特征进行分析。结果表明：重金属元素具有相似的空间分布特征，除局部区域外呈现出随水流方向从北到南递减的；Cu在局部区域有高值区；Pb在海水流经二点后浓度逐渐升高。 关键词：乌梁素海；重金属元素；空间分布；富集系数； 中图分类号：X820 文献标志码： 文章编号： The Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Elements in Surface Seawater of Ulansuhai Lake and its Ecological Risk Assessment LI Wei-ping1，WANG Xiaoyun1，YU Linghong1*，DUAN Haojie1 （1：School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and technology, Baotou 014010） Abstract: Collected the surface seawater samples from the Ulansuhai Lake in April 2014 which was being research object, this paper analysed the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface water such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn with the Geostatistics method, and analysed the pollution level by calculating the coefficient of heavy metal pollution in the seawater. The results showed that heavy metal elements’ spatial distribution of the whole lake had a similar characteristic besides a part of the lake, decreased with the direction of flow from north to south; Cu had a high value in some areas; the concentration of Pb increased after the water flowing through the Er dian. The descending order of heavy metals’ enrichment factor is Hg Cr Zn Cu Pb Cd, the Hg’s enrichment factor achieved a very high level, the Cd’s enrichment factor achieved a middle level on the point of L15, and others didn’t achieve the minimum enrichment level. Eventually, this paper concluded that the Hg pollution was serious in Ulansuhai Lake according the enrichment factors. Keywords: Ulansuhai Lake; heavy metal element; spatial distribution; enrichment factor; 地表水环境安全问题与人民生活健康息息相关，为人类提供了生活用水和生产用水 [1]。近年来，随着巴彦淖尔市经济社会的快速发展和城市化进程的不断加快，乌梁素海水环境污染问题日益严重，海水富营养化，重金属污染，使得乌梁素海水环境安全受到严重威胁。乌梁素海是黄河流域最大的淡水湖之一，也是黄河中上游重要的保水、蓄水、调水场地，是河套农业灌溉退水的枢纽。而重金属污染，会通过粮食、蔬菜等人体食物链，造成人体健康风险，另外重金属多为致癌或致突变性的毒重金属，如汞、铅、镉、砷、铬等[2]。重金属元素是毒性极强的元素，其污染具