英美文学美国作家作品usa`s literature.ppt

1. Early Fiction Benjamin Franklin Washington Irving—华盛顿-欧文(1783-1859) James Fenimore Cooper—费尼莫-库珀(1789-1851) Benjamin Franklin Washington Irving Washington Irving The Legend of Sleep Hollow 睡谷传奇 Rip Van Winkle 瑞普·凡·温克尔 Columbus 哥伦布传 Conquest of Granada 攻克格拉纳达 The Alhambra—中古西班牙摩尔人(Moor)诸王的豪华宫殿 Tour on Prairies James Fennimore Cooper James Fennimore Cooper The Spy 间谍 The Leather-stocking Tales??皮袜子故事集 The Pioneers 拓荒者 The Last of the Mohicans 最后的莫希干人 The Prairie大草原 The Pathfinder探路人 The Deerslayer杀鹿者 2. Transcendentalism / Transcendentalists 超验主义者 Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫-沃尔多-爱默生 Henry David Thoreau亨利-大卫-梭罗 Transcendentalism : Emphasize nature as a source of human inspiration, almost on a religious level. Human intuition and relationship with nature is very important. Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature-论自然 The American Scholar-论美国学者 Self-Reliance-论自助 The Over-soul-论超灵 Emerson`s Nature In 1836, Emerson, an ex-minister , published this startling book called Nature, in this volume , Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion. For the next several years, Emerson`s essay made him extremely influential, not only upon other thinkers and writers, but upon the general population as well, thanks to growing popular lecture circuit that brought controversial speakers to small towns across the country. In effect Emerson`s lectures were like sermons, with their direct, motivating language. In his poetry , Emerson developed a free-form, natural style, using symbols and imagery drawn from nature. His work had an immense impact on other poets of the time. Henry David Thoreau –亨利.大卫.梭罗 Henry David Thoreau: 梭罗 Walden瓦尔登湖: He survived by his own labor and meditated in solitude 3. Romantics-浪漫主义 Edgar Allan Poe-爱德加.埃伦.坡 Nathanial Hawthorne-纳撒尼尔.霍桑: the most influential romantic writer in the 19th century Herman Melville-赫尔曼.梅尔维尔 Edgar Allan Poe An American poet, shor