走进壮美荒野_美国生态文学对生态审美和生态旅游的启示.docxVIP

走进壮美荒野———美国生态文学对生态审美和生态旅游的启示龙艳( 中国人民大学外国语学院)摘要: 随着环保意识的高涨，生态文学、生态旅游当前日益受到关注。通过风景审美与生态审美的对比，指出生态 审美是一场美学变革，深刻影响了生态旅游的发展。溯源了美国生态审美的肇端———边疆传统，选取梭罗、缪尔、 利奥波德、爱德华·艾比等影响力较大的美国生态文学作家为研究对象，兼及其他生态文学作家，从“荒野成为家 园”、刀下救荒野、多样和谐之美、空间之美、广义荒野等几方面，梳理美国生态文学对美国生态审美和生态旅游的 影响。最后浅析其对中国生态旅游的启示。关键词: 生态文学; 生态审美; 生态旅游; 壮美; 荒野中图分类号: B834文献标志码: A文章编号: 1671-6116( 2014) -01-0033-07Into the Sublime Wilderness: Enlightenments of US Ecoliterature on Ecological Aesthetic and EcotourismLONG Yan( School of Foreign Languages，Ｒenmin Universtity of China，Beijing，100872，P． Ｒ． China)Abstract: Owing to the popularity of ecotourism in US，it is necessary to delve in some masterminds of wilderness in ecoliterature from the perspective of ecological aesthetics so as to get a clear picture of how the American mindset on wilderness has come into being and how ecological aesthetic in US ecoliterature has exerted profound impact and shaped US ecotourism in turn． This paper first compares the two aesthetics，scenic and ecological aesthetic，and traces the burgeoning of ecological aesthetic in US，the sublime in particular，to its frontier hypothesis． Then it probes the deepening of ecological aesthetic in US with the case study of several influential eco-writers on wilderness，among which are Henry Thoreau’s making wilderness home，John Muir’s founding of national parks，Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic，Edward Abbey’s spatial beauty，and wilderness in a broader sense from other US eco-writers． Finally with regard to problems arising from Chinese ecotourism， the enlightenments of US ecoliterature on Chinese ecotourism is suggested．Key words:ecoliterature; ecological aesthetic; ecotourism; sublime; wilderness乐山乐水，人之本性。然而现代人大规模、远距 离的出游活动，令地球不堪重负。科学家预测，到 2015 年，由于人类活动而造成的臭氧层损耗中，足 足有一半是空中旅行造成的。过度的旅游开发更造 成 了 空 气 污 染、土壤和水质退化 等 诸 多 环 境问题［1］。人类游而环境乐，“生态旅游”呼之而出。“生 态旅游”( Ecotourism) 1983 年由国际自然保护联盟 ( International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Ｒesour