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Critical and Analytical Thinking - Open Polytechnic批判性思维和分析开理工
Critical and Analytical ThinkingTransition Programme Critical thinking Word ‘critical’ has positive and negative meanings The word ‘critical’ in academia describes your attitude when reading an article/chapter Being critical means weighing up the arguments for and against a particular point. How to think critically Be persistent – consider an issue carefully more than once Look at the evidence for a viewpoint – evaluate it – what are they trying to ‘sell’ me? What are the implications of a view point – is it realistic and rational? Knowing facts and what is right is not what academics is about It is important to identify strengths, satisfactory points and weaknesses when being critical – then you must know why this is so You should be critical when reading, writing and listening Analytical thinking Being analytical mean to look deeper into what is being said Do not take what you read as ‘given’ Evaluate what is being argued – do you agree with it? To be analytical is to question what you read How to think analytically Think about the view point in relation to the bigger picture – stand back Compare the same issue from the point of other authors – do their views differ? Should be able to see why authors have arrived at different conclusions You should be able to argue why you think one set of view points is preferable to another You should be analytical when reading, writing and listening Barriers to critical and analytical thinking Being critical does not just mean criticise Our reasoning skills are not objective – we are biased ourselves Reluctance to criticise experts Wanting to know what is right and wrong Not reading deeply enough around a subject – surface knowledge Critical and analytical reading Prepare for critical reading – skim read the introduction and conclusion Find the conclusions first to help clarify the rest of the reading What is the underlying argument/ view point? Question hidden agendas or assumptions Theory can help fill in the gaps –
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