爱默生超验主义.pptVIP

Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism 超验主义一词“transcendentalism”来源于拉丁动词“transcend ere”意为超越极限。超验主义被定义为人通过知觉获取知识的能力。强调知觉的力量，相信人们可以通过感官认知外部世界。认为自然界中的一切事物都是精神的象征。精神高于物质，且无处不在（Spirit is present everywhere). Transcendentalism ●The summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of American literature in the 19th century. ●A reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism（加尔文主义). ● Stress intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church. ●Emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul, the individual and Nature. ●The representatives: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Significance ●Embeds Romanticism on the Puritan soil ●Guides the young nation of America ●Causes an unprecedented prosperity in Amreican thought and culture ●makes the most prolific periods in the history of American literature Transcendentalism: quotes Transcendentalism: quotes “Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.” Emerson’s style ●Parallelism ●Paradox ●epigram ●epigram In the lecture form ●In Emerson’s prose the unit is the sentence. Nature ●The Manifesto of American Transcendentalism ●The Bible of New England Transcendentalism ●Spiritual treasure of Amreican nature writing ●His first book Theme ●Emerson emphasizes human beings should live in harmony with nature, love nature, respect nature and try to become part of nature. ● human beings should love their own lives, follow their own hearts instead of the outward material pursuit. Then they can be really happy. Nature ●To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds will separate between him and vulgar things. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime.