专四常见词汇辨析.docxVIP

1、dominant predominant sovereign这些形容词均含有“占优势的，支配其它的”之意。dominant : 强调权威。The British were formerly dominant in India.（英国人从前统治印度。）predominant : 侧重指影响与新近的优势。The predominant feature of his character was pride.（他的性格中主要的特点是骄傲。）sovereign : 侧重指其他事物都从属于或低于它的。The Queen has sovereign power.（女王握有统治权。）2、disgrace humiliateshamedishonor这些动词均含“使丢脸、使受耻辱”之意。disgrace :侧重在别人，尤其在众人面前丢脸。They have disgraced the whole school.（他们给整个学校都丢了脸。）humiliate :强调受辱者自尊心的损坏。Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present.（子女在客人面前举止失当, 父母也失体面。）shame :指由不光彩或不道德的行为引起的惭愧感或羞耻感。The classs unruly behavior shamed the teacher.（这班学生不守规矩的行为使老师感到羞愧。）dishonor :有时可与disgrace换用，但前者是指因失去荣誉所致。There’s no dishonor in losing.（失败并不是耻辱。）4、discern discriminate distinguish这些动词均有“区别、辨别”之意。discern : 语义较笼统，着重精深与准确的观察力，不一定有能分辨关系密切的各项事物的含义。I soon discerned that the man was lying.（我很快便察觉出这个人是在撒谎。）discriminate : 语气强，指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异，尤其把好坏区分开来。They can discriminate hundreds of colors.（他们能分辨上百种颜色。）distinguish : 普通用词，指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别，强调辨别所需的技巧。We can distinguish between gold and silver.（我们能区分金和银。）5、describe represent sketch picture这些动词均有“描写、描述”之意。describe : 侧重指描述细节，给读者或听众提供清晰的视觉图像。She described in detail their resisting the invaders.（她详细叙述了他们抵抗侵略者的事迹。）represent : 指有代表性或象征性地描述或讲述。The painting represents the scene of a bumper harvest.（这幅画描绘了丰收的景象。）sketch : 指快速地勾勒或概略地叙述。The historical article sketched the major events of the decade.(这篇有关历史的文章概述了这十年中的重大事件。)picture : 着重能够栩栩如生地把事物或场景等描绘出来。The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor vividly.(演讲者很生动地描述了穷人的生活。)6、divide separate part divorce这些动词都有“分开”之意。divide :指把一个整体按要求分成几个部分，暗示分配之意；也可指分开两个对立的事物。This class is too large, we shall have to divide it.(这个班太大了, 我们得把它分一分。)separate :指把两个人或物分开，着重从原属一个整体中移居一部分或把两者隔开。The war separated many families.(战争使许多家庭离散。)part :多指使紧密相连的人或物分开，往往暗示最后分离的意味。The couple parted amicably.(这对夫妻客气地分手了。)divorce:特指两个或更多的互为依赖的事物的分离，尤指婚姻的合法解体。She divorced him after years of unhappiness.(经过多年不愉快的生活,她跟他离婚了。)7、despise scorn look down upon这些动词或短语动词均表示轻视，蔑视