荀子论文：荀子的科技思想探析.docVIP

荀子论文：荀子的科技思想探析 【中文摘要】荀子是我国先秦时期杰出的唯物主义思想家,其著作《荀子》中蕴含着丰富的科技思想,但是由于荀子对法家学派影响非常大并且培养出了韩非和李斯这两位杰出的法家弟子,以至于很多学者质疑荀子是否属于儒家学派,所以在儒家思想占统治地位的中国历史上研究荀子的学者并不多,以致荀子闪耀着科技之光的优秀思想,没能被后世所传承,这是中国古代科学未能向近代科学发展的思想根源之一。因而,研究在中国文化传统中不被重视的荀子及其科技思想,对于探讨李约瑟提出的中国未能产生近代科学的原因,以及发扬光大荀子所阐发的中国早期哲学中具有穿越2000年时空价值的关乎科技的理念和思维方式,是十分必要而有意义的。本文从荀子科技思想的内在逻辑结构入手,结合实际,把荀子的科技思想放在广阔的社会背景上来考察。文章首先介绍了荀子其人其书,探讨了荀子科技思想形成的背景;然后从自然观和方法论两个角度阐述了荀子的科学思想;接着又论述了荀子的技术发现、设计和应用理念以及技术伦理观及其现实意义;最后对荀子的科技思想作了评价,指出我们应当批判性地继承和发扬荀子“制天命而用之”的生态科技思想,促进人与自然的和谐发展。 【英文摘要】Among his fellow pre-Qin (before 3rd century B.C.) intellectuals in ancient China, Xunzi stands out as a materialist, who casts his light of thought on a school of philosophers, later known as the Legalists, including Han Fei and Li Si, and trims his theories into a book named after himself conveying his view on science and technology, which is unfortunately ignored to some extent by the later generations of Chinese scholars under the dominance of the Confucians. And scholars even questioned the title of Xunzi as a Confucian. His glittering theories of science and technology failed to be carried up by later generations, which is believed to be one of missing links between ancient Chinese science to its modern counterpart. The re-excavation of Xunzi and his once-ignored theories on science and technology will help to solve the Joseph Needham Puzzle about the absence of modern science in China, and to reintroduce in modern culture Xunzi抯 perception of science out of ancient Chinese philosophy illuminating the history.In this paper, the author examines the logical trace of Xunzi抯 theories on science and technology on the backdrop of history and society. After the introduction of Xunzi and his work, the author unfolds the very period of history when Xunzi抯 theories on science and technology take shape, and analyzes these theories form the perspectives of methodology and the view of nature, and then reviews his thoughts on findings, designs and applications of technolog