基于语料库的变化类词语搭配及语义韵调查-教育教材-厦门大学.doc

内容提要 词语搭配是语言学领域的一个非常重要的概念。在语料库语言学研究中词语搭配是最为活跃的核心领域。不论是基础理论研究，还是语言教学、词典编纂等应用研究，词语搭配对揭示语言的本质、特点和属性都起着十分重要的作用。语义韵是一种特殊的词语搭配现象，是语料库语言学采用数据驱动方法研究词语搭配内部语义关系时发现的一种语义和谐机制，揭示了词语结伴使用时相互间的一种语义选择趋向关系。 研究搭配和语义韵机制，对汉语本体研究意义重大。而二语学习者语言掌握不地道的根本原因之一也在于不能很好地掌握目的语中的词语搭配。因此，搭配和语义韵研究对对外汉语教学也具有十分重要的意义。 本文基于中文语料库对汉语“改、变、改变、变化”四个近义词语的搭配和语义韵机制进行了考察，从高频搭配词、类联接形式、语义韵、形式标记四个方面分别进行了描述，从大量语料中得到四个词语的真实使用情况，并从语义和句法功能角度进行了详细辨析。此外还基于北语HSK动态作文语料库，提取留学生作文中关于这四个词的语料，对学习者的掌握情况进行了小规模简单考察，也分别进行了描述，从类联接种类、典型或简单的类联接形式、语义韵、搭配不当四个角度总结了偏误类型，并从现有学习词典对比、学习者学习策略的影响两方面分析原因，提出教学建议。总体来讲，本文属于基于实证的搭配和语义韵本体个案研究，其结论可望对对外汉语词语教学和学习词典编纂有一定的启示作用。 关键词：搭配；语义韵；“改变”类词语 Abstract Collocation is an important concept of linguistics and applied linguistics as well as the core domain of corpus linguistics. It plays a very important role in revealing the nature, characteristics and properties of language in both basic theoretical research and practical application in language teaching and lexicology. Collocation refers to the recurrent co-occurrence of two or more words in a certain grammatical pattern. Semantic prosody is a special collocational phenomenon, and an important mechanism of semantic harmony discovered by corpus linguistics with a data-driven approach when probing into the internal semantic relationship of collocation. It is of great significance in the research of Chinese language to study collocation and semantic prosody. Because one of the reasons why second language learners cannot produce fluent and idiomatic language is that they do not have a good command of collocations in the target language, it is also of pedagogical value to explore collocation and semantic prosody in teaching Chinese as a second language. This thesis studies the collocation and semantic prosody of four Chinese verbs indicating changes in four aspects, i.e. high-frequency collocates, features of colligations, semantic prosody and language form markness. Based on some Chinese corpora, this thesis discriminates the semantic and syntactic functio