高级人工智能定性推理.pptVIP

史忠植 高级人工智能 高级人工智能 内容提要 什么是定性推理？ 定性推理(qualitative reasoning)是从物理系 统、生命系统的结构描述出发,导出行为描述, 以便预测系统的行为并给出原因解释。定性推理 采用系统部件间的局部结构规则来解释系统行为, 即部件状态的变化行为只与直接相邻的部件有关。 概述 概述 概述 定性推理的基本方法 定性推理的基本方法 定性推理的基本方法 定性推理的基本方法 定性推理的基本方法 定性模型推理 定性模型推理 定性模型推理 定性模型推理 定性模型推理 压力调节器 压力调节器 压力调节器 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性进程推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 定性仿真推理 几何空间定性推理 几何空间定性推理 几何空间定性推理 Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Qualitative reasoning modelling the continuous reality in manageable entities solution for quantitative problems that are not computable Two approaches artificial intelligence → GI Science 1992 Randell, Cui, Cohn databases → GI Systems 1991 Egenhofer, Franzosa RCC RCC = Region Connection Calculus Randell, Cui, Cohn topological relations of polygons qualitative modelling disjoint, meet, overlap conceptual neighbourhood-diagram RCC - diagram Qualitative Calculi The success of qualitative reasoning relies on choice of good qualitative calculi A q-calculus is generated by a set of jointly exhaustive and pairwise disjoint (JEPD) relations on the domain of discourse RCC8 Topological Algebra Regions are nonempty regular closed subsets of a connected regular topological space (e.g. Euclidean space) Basic RCC8 relations are defined on regions RCC8 Basic Relations DC EC PO TPP NTPP EQ disjoint meet overlap covered_by contained_by equal Directional Model Point-based Projection-based Cone-based Region-based Rectangle Algebra Direction-Relation Matix Model Cone-Based Cardinal Directions Projection-Based Card. Directions Frank AU. Qualitative spatial reasoning: Cardinal directions as an example. IJGIS, 1996,10:269~290 Rectangle Algebra The rectangle relation between two boxes A,B is described by the interval relations between the x- and y-projections of A, B Direction-Relation Matrix R.K. Goyal, M.J. Egenhofer: Similarity of Cardinal Directions. SSTD 200