第3章实验—part1.pptVIP

* 你看到的是什么？ 一只驴子？还是一只海豹？ * * 双眼注视着中间的圆圈，头快速地不停地上下左右晃动，你会看到...... * 盯住圆心的黑点，并前后移动你的头部。 * 看到什么？ * 看图 ,人眼看东西必须有一个视觉落点，就是追踪焦点，黑色和白色在一起时，黑色容易成为焦点 * 最神奇的一个 * 都说耳听为虚眼见为实，真是这样么？ 为什么受骗的总是我？ * Why does the illusion work?  The visual system needs to determine the color of objects in the world. In this case the problem is to determine the gray shade of the checks on the floor. Just measuring the light coming from a surface (the luminance) is not enough: a cast shadow will dim a surface, so that a white surface in shadow may be reflecting less light than a black surface in full light. The visual system uses several tricks to determine where the shadows are and how to compensate for them, in order to determine the shade of gray paint that belongs to the surface. The first trick is based on local contrast. In shadow or not, a check that is lighter than its neighboring checks is probably lighter than average, and vice versa. In the figure, the light check in shadow is surrounded by darker checks. Thus, even though the check is physically dark, it is light when compared to its neighbors. The dark checks outside the shadow, conversely, are surrounded by lighter checks, so they look dark by comparison. A second trick is based on the fact that shadows often have soft edges, while paint boundaries (like the checks) often have sharp edges. The visual system tends to ignore gradual changes in light level, so that it can determine the color of the surfaces without being misled by shadows. In this figure, the shadow looks like a shadow, both because it is fuzzy and because the shadow casting object is visible. The paintness of the checks is aided by the form of the X-junctions formed by 4 abutting checks. This type of junction is usually a signal that all the edges should be interpreted as changes in surface color rather than in terms of shadows or lighting. As with many so-called illusions, this effect really demonstrates the success rather than the failure of the visual system. The vi