Components of an operating system操作系统的组成部分.docVIP

1.Components of an operating system 1操作系统的组成部分 Ⅰ. The Shell of an Operating System Ⅰ。操作系统的外壳 In order to perform the actions requested by the computer’s users, an operating system must be able to communicate with those users. The portionof an operating system that handles this communication is often called the shell. Modern shells perform this task by means of a graphical user interface (GUI) in which objects to be manipulated, such as files and programs, are represented pictoriallyon the monitor screen as icons. These systems allow users to issue commandsto the operating system by pointing to these icons by means of a mouse and pressing a button on the mouse. Older shells communicate with users through textualmessages using a keyboard and monitor screen. 为了执行计算机的用户要求的操作，操作系统必须能够与用户进行通信。部分操作系统处理这种通信通常被称为壳。现代的外壳执行此任务通过一个图形用户界面（GUI）中，被操纵的对象，如文件和程序，代表pictoriallyon显示屏上的图标。这些系统允许用户发出指令操作系统指向这些图标通过鼠标按下鼠标上的按钮。老壳与用户通过textualmessages使用键盘和显示器。