p26心理学专业外语第26页.docVIP

Ethical issues in human experimentation in psychology1 WHY CONSIDER ETHICAL ISSUES IN HUMAN RESEARCH？ The aim of psychology is to provide us with a greater understanding of ourselves and, if required, to enable us to use that understanding to predict and control our behaviour for human betterment. To achieve this understanding psychologists often have no other choice but to investigate human subjects for valid results to be obtained. Humans, however, not only experience physical pain and anxiety but can be affected mentally-in terms of embarrassment or loss of self-esteem, for example., Humans also have rights of protection and privacy above the levels granted to animals, and so this leads us to ethical dilemmas: .How far should psychologists be allowed to go in pursuing their knowledge? .Should humankind aim to improve itself by allowing people to be dehumanised in the process? .Do the ends of psychological research justify the means？ .Can we ever know whether a piece of research will justify abusing the rights of individuals before we conduct it? The existence of ethical constraints is clearly a serious but necessary limitation on the advancement of psychology as a 心理学实验中的人类道德问题 在人类调查中为什么要考虑道德问题？ 心理学的目的在于让我们更好的理解自己,并且,如果需要的话,人们能够运用心理学理解推断和控制我们的行为使人类进步. 为了实现这一目标，心理学家除了探讨人类的主题之外，没有其他的选择去获得有效的结果。然而，人类不仅仅体验身体上的痛苦和焦虑，而且精神上也会受到影响（尴尬或者失去自我）。例如，人类比动物高级的地方是有保护和隐私的权利，这使我们陷入道德困境。 心理学家在追求他们的知识的时候能够走多远？ 人在这个过程中为了改善自己人类应该被允许失去人性吗？ 在心理学研究的结果能够证明研究方法是合法的吗？ 难道我们不能知道有一项研究可以看出人类滥用自己的权利在我们可以控制它之前？在我们控制它之前，我们能知道是否有一项研究可以看出人类滥用自己的权利？ 道德约束的存在，是对心理学作为一门科学来说严肃但明必须的限制， as a science , and the major professional psychological bodies of many countries have published ethical guidelines for conducting research. In Britain, the British Psychological Society(1993) has published guidelines such as the “Ethical Pprinciples for Conducting on Research with Human Participants”, which deal with ethical issues such as consent, deception, debriefing, withdrawal from the investigation, confidentiality,