Ⅶ--Ⅻ pairs of Cranial Nerves.ppt

No. 33 Ⅶ--Ⅻ pairs of Cranial Nerves Ⅶ Facial Nerve Ⅰ) Fibrous components: It is a mixed nerve, it contains four components: (1) The special visceral motor fibers They take origin from the facial nucleus and supply the muscles of expression. (2) The general visceral motor fibers They arise from the superior salivatory nucleus and are relayed in certain parasympathetic ganglia. The postganglionic fibers are distributed to the lacrimal gland, the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and glands in the mucous membrane of the nose and palate. (3) The special visceral sensory fibers They arise from the cells of the geniculate ganglion. The central processes of these cells terminate in the nucleus of solitary tract. The periphery processes of these cells are distributed to the taste buds on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. (4) The general somatic sensory fibers They connect the somatic sensation of skin in ear and the proprioceptive sensation of the muscles of expression. Ⅱ) Course: The facial nerve leaves the brain at the bulbopontine sulcus just medial to the vestibulocohlear nerve. It passes laterally and forwards with that nerve to the internal acoustic pore. At the bottom of the meatus, the facial nerve enters the facial canal, where it turns sharply downward and backward behind the middle ear. The geniculate ganglion is located at the entrance of facial canal as an enlargement of the nerve. The nerve emerges onto the side of the face through the stylomastoid foramen, then runs forward into the parotid gland. Ⅲ) Branches and distribution 1. The branches within the facial canal 1) The greater petrosal nerve It includes secretary fibers of parasympathetic nerve. It arises from the geniculate ganglion and runs forward and passes through the base of skull to the pterygopalatine fossa and enters the pterygopalatine ganglion; the postganglionic fibers are distributed to the lacrimal gland and the glands of the nose and palate. 2) The chor