国际贸易实务（中）.pdf

Unit 5 Quality, Quantity and Packing of Commodity Contents： 5.1 Quality of Commodity 5.2 Quantity of Commodity 5.3 Packing of Commodity 5.1 Quality of Commodity 5.1.1 Methods of Expressing Quality of Commodity 1. Definition: The quality of commodity is the combination of the intrinsic quality and outside form or shape of the commodity, such as modeling, structure, color, luster, taste, chemical composition, mechanical performance, biological feature, etc. 2. Methods of Expressing Quality 1. Sale by Description In export trade, the qualities of most of goods are suitable to be expressed by description. Thus, the method of “sale by description ”is often adopted. (1) Sale by Specification, Grade and Standard (Specification)： Specifications are some major descriptions of the quality of the goods, such as composition, content, purity, size, length, thickness, etc. The contents of specifications vary with the different characteristics of the qualities. The buyer and the seller can show the basic information of the quality of the goods through the descriptions of specifications. Such a method is called “sale by specification”. (Grade) The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of the goods which is indicated by words, numbers or symbols. The classifications are usually decided by different qualities, weights, compositions, appearances, properties, etc. （Standard ） Standards are those specifications or grades that are laid down and proclaimed in a unified way by governmental departments or industrial and commercial organizations of a country. (2) Sale by B