老年饮食障碍与老年食品食品工业的挑战与机遇-食品科学.PDFVIP

310 2015, Vol.36, No.21 食品科学 ※专题论述 老年饮食障碍与老年食品：食品工业的 挑战与机遇 陈建设，吕治宏 （浙江工商大学食品与生物工程学院，浙江杭州 310018 ） 摘  要：老龄化是当今社会发展的一大趋势，也是人类发展史上前所未有的挑战。老年人随着生理功能的减弱，出 现了饮食功能障碍，尤其是咀嚼和吞咽能力受到了很大的影响。不当的饮食会引起呛食，甚至引发吸入性肺炎，严 重的还会导致生命危险。因此，如何给老年人提供既营养可口又安全可靠的食品是当今各主要经济发达国家和包括 中国在内的一些新兴经济体所要面临的一个重大挑战和民生问题，也是食品工业需要急迫解决的重大课题。本文通 过对老年人饮食机理的分析，揭示老年人安全饮食的主要控制机理以及开发老年食品的一些关键因素。同时详细介 绍了不同国家饮食障碍者的膳食标准，以给我国养老行业护理人员提供相关的指导，也为我国食品工业开发老年产 品提供技术支持。 关键词：老年人；食品口腔加工；吞咽障碍；膳食标准；老年食品 Eating Disorders of Elderly: Challenges and Opportunities of Food Industry CHEN Jianshe, LÜ Zhihong (School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China) Abstract: Aging is an unprecedented challenge in human history. Physiological functions of elderly people are weakened along with the aging process, especially their chewing and swallowing capabilities. How to provide healthy tasty foods for safe consumption by the elderly is a huge challenge not only to individuals and families, but also to societies and governments, both in developed and developing countries. It is also a big challenge and a great business opportunity to the food industry. This paper analyses the controlling mechanisms of eating and swallowing and the major problems and challenges faced by the elderly in food consumption. Key factors involved in the design and manufacturing of foods for elderly people have been discussed. Currently, various practices adopted in some developed countries for the classifications and standards of such types of food have also been discussed in detail. It is hoped that this paper will provide useful guidance to nursing staff in serving foods to el