国际法课件-第一章导论-谭明老师.pptVIP

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION第一章导 论  Section 1 Concept of international law 第一节 国际法的概念 1.1 concept and characters of international law 1.2 the basis of international law 1.1.2 Definition of international law 国际法的定义 1.1.2.1 Traditional definition 传统定义 International law is the law that governs relations between states.  国际法是处理国家之间关系的法律 ■ Only states were subjects of international law.  只有国家是国际法的主体 ■ Only states were deemed to have rights and obligations of international law.. 只有国家被认为享有国际法上的权利和义务  ■ Other entities or individuals were recognized as objects of international law.  其他实体或个人被认为是国际法的客体 1.1.2.2 Modern definition 现代定义 International law is the law that deals “with the conduct of states, conduct of international organizations with their relations ,as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natural or juridical.” 国际法是处理国家、国际组织之间关系，以及某些自然人和法人之间关系 Contemporary international law is no longer deemed to be exclusively limited to relations between states. 1.1.3 characters of international law 国际法的特征 1.1.3.1 universality of international law 国际法的普遍性 universal international law ——普遍国际法(binding on all legal subjects, such as the prohibition on genocide)  particular international law——特殊国际法(binding on a limited number of states only)  general international law ——一般国际法 (binding on most, not all subjects, such as a convention with 120 parties)  1.1.3.2 internationality of international law 国际法的国际性   1.2 the basis of international law  国际法的效力根据 1.2.1 opinion of naturalists and neo-naturalists 自然法学派和新自然法学派（社会连带法学派和规范法学派） ■ law of nature 自然法 1.2.2 opinion of positivists and neo-positivists 实在法学派和新实在法学派（权利政治说、政策定向说）  ■ consensus of states 国家的同意  1.2.3 opinion of Grotians 格老秀斯学派  ■ law of nature and consensu