西南民族地区的重镇安顺城.docVIP

西南民族地区的重镇安顺城 　　摘要：古安顺城前身原为元代的一个军事寨堡，名阿达卜。明洪武十五年筑为普定卫城，成为了一个军事辖区。明万历三十年升安顺州为安顺军民府，普定卫城便作为安顺府城。康熙二十六年改称安顺府，从此成为了单一的行政区划。古安顺城是祖国大西南的锁钥，具有重要的军事战略地位；又是商贾云集的商贸中心，当时的商业比贵阳还要繁盛。安顺城的建制由初具规模趋于完善，城市街区由较为简陋而向近代城市演进。 　　关键词：西南；民族；地区；安顺城；沿革建制；战略地位；商贸中心 　　中图分类号：K928.5.73 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-6959（2008）01-0078-04 　　Anshun Town in Southwest National District 　　Placeof Strategic Importance 　　YAN Jian-hua 　　(Editorial Office of Anshun College，Anshun，Guizhou561000，China) 　　Abstract: Ancient Anshun was a sparkling pearl embedded in the southwest of China. It was originally a military village castle in Yuan Dynasty, called Adapu. In the year of Hongwu 15 in Ming Dynasty, the town Pudingwei was built, and it became a military station. Anshun was promoted as an army and civilian prefecture in the year of Wanli 30 in Ming Dynasty. Pudingwei became a prefecture. In the year of Kangxi 26 it was called Anshun Prefecture and since then it has been become an independent district. Ancient Anshun was a lock in the southwest China. It was a very important strategic station as well as a commercial center. At that time the commerce in Anshun was more thriving than it was in Guiyang.The organizational structure was improving in size all the time and the simple and crude streets and the townwere becoming modern. 　　Key Words: southwest; sational; district; Anshun Town; evolving organizational structure;strategic position; commercial center 　　 　　历史上的安顺城是一座具有悠久历史底蕴和深厚文化传统的古城，至今在这座城邑内及周边所留存的历史人文景观和饮誉数百年的自然景观，就足以令人好奇着迷和探寻留连。明清时的安顺城一向被视为“滇南门户”（乾隆《贵州通志?安顺府舆图说》），是祖国大西南枢纽上的锁钥，以其得天独厚的地理形势和极其重要的战略位置，成为入滇通蜀的兵家必争之地。古安顺城处于黔省腹心，是邻省商品流通和货物集散的边邑，明清以来一直是商贾通商的中转站。在历代最高统治者的心目中，明清时代的安顺城是“边鄙都会，滇黔要区”（康熙《贵州通志》），它“襟带楚粤，控制滇黔”（爱必达《黔南识略》），在边贸和保证邻省安宁上具有举足轻重的地位，所以毫无夸张地说，它堪称祖国大西南的一座历史文化名城。 　　安顺之名，始见于元代，明《方舆纪要》自《注》引《元史》说：“元初，置普定万户，寻改为府。至元中，又创罗甸宣慰司于此。二十七年，司罢，仍为普定府，领安顺、永宁、镇宁、习安四州。”至元为元世祖忽必烈的年号，为元朝初期。对此，明宋?锏热怂?撰的《元史?地理志》未曾有记录，不知《方舆纪要》所依何版本。又《明一统志》云：“普定卫，古罗甸国，后为罗鬼、仡佬、可厉刂、苗民所居，号普里部。元初内附，置万户，寻改为普定府，领安顺、永宁、镇宁、习安四州。”这与《方舆纪要》所记大致相符，均说