财务管理与财务分析运营管理课件CPPT.ppt

Waiting Lines;;Waiting Line Examples;;;? 2007 Pearson Education;Service Facility Arrangements;Service Facility Arrangements;Single channel, multiple phase;Multiple channel, single phase;Multiple channel, multiple phase;;Priority Rule;;;Probability DistributionsArrival Times;The exponential distribution describes the probability that the service time will be no more than T time periods.;Operating Characteristics;Single-ServerModel;? = Average utilization of the system =;Single-Channel, Single-Phase System;Application C.1;Example C.4;Example C.4;Example C.4;Application C.2;Multiple-Channel, Single-Phase System;American Parcel Service is concerned about the amount of time the company’s trucks are idle, waiting to be unloaded. The terminal operates with four unloading bays. Each bay requires a crew of two employees, and each crew costs $30/hr. The estimated cost of an idle truck is $50/hr. Trucks arrive at an average rate of three per hour, according to a Poisson distribution. Unloading a truck averages one hour with exponential service times. 4 Unloading bays Crew costs $30/hour 2 Employees/crew Idle truck costs $50/hour Arrival rate = 3/hour Service time = 1 hour;? 2007 Pearson Education;Application C.3;Application C.3;Little’s Law;In the finite-source model, the single-server model assumptions are changed so that the customer population is finite, with N potential customers. If N is greater than 30 customers, then the single-server model with an infinite customer population is adequate. ;Finite-Source Model;Decision Areas for Management;Application C.4;Application C.5;Application C.5