28-29-30 Rural Organ 中国经济发展与转型（英文版） 教学课件.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chinese Modern Economic History Rural Organization Naughton, Chapter 10 Chinese Modern Economic History Two major changes in the ancient village system - -establishment of collectives, early 1950s -reversion to household responsibility system after 1979 Hierarchy of places (per von Thunen and Christaller and Losch) Households Village Market town Higher order settlements Chinese Modern Economic History Some economic geography - First, von Thunen - We know that different crops, like wheat and corn and rice, cost different amounts when we buy them. How do farmers think about the prices they receive for wheat, corn, or rice? How will they decide what to plant where, if they have to consider the costs of moving the crop to the town, where it can be sold, and they must rent land on which to farm? This is the location question discussed by von Thunen in the 1830’s. Von Thunen developed the basics of the theory of marginal productivity in a mathematically rigorous way, summarizing it in the formula in which R = Y(p ? c) ? YFm where R= land rent; Y= yield per unit of land; c= production expenses per unit of commodity; p= market price per unit of commodity; F= freight rate; m= distance to market. Chinese Modern Economic History The Von Thunen model of agricultural land, created before industrialization, made the following simplifying assumptions: The city is located centrally within an Isolated State. The Isolated State is surrounded by wilderness. The land is completely flat and has no rivers or mountains. Soil quality and climate are consistent. Farmers in the Isolated State transport their own goods to market via oxcart, across land, directly to the central city. There are no roads. Farmers behave rationally to maximize profits. The use a piece of land is put to is a function of the cost of transport to market and the land rent a farmer can afford to pay (determined by yield