Chapter 5 transcription 分子生物学双语课程PPT.ppt

Contents Introduction Basic concepts Transcription: the synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA by using the RNA polymerase. Initiation → Elongation → Termination coding strand?(Sense strand) Template strand (antisense strand) Asymmetry transcription Transcription unit: a sequence of DNA transcribed into a single RNA, starting at the promoter and ending at the terminator. Transcript bubble Promoter: a region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription Terminator: a sequence of DNA that causes RNA polymerase to terminate transcription. 5.1 The transcription in prokaryotes σ factor 5.1.2.1 The startpoint Promoter: a region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription consensus sequence RNA polymerase binds to one face of DNA to find promoter RNA pol moves along the template，then RNA elongation，and keep the triplex； In transcript bubble, DNA helix open, and then close，RNA elongation; As the bubble progresses, the DNA duplex reforms behind it, displacing the RNA in the form of a single polynucleotide chain. RNA elongation rate is constant, and it will slow down in GC-rich region. Transcription generates positive supercoils and negative supercoils. Rho-independent terminators sequences that terminate transcription by RNA pol in the absence of any additional factors. Rho-dependent terminators sequences that terminate transcription by RNA pol in the presence of the rho factor. Antitermination allow the RNA polymerase readthrough a specific terminator or terminators. Antitermination is a regulatory event.  5.2.1 RNA polymerase The composition of ClassⅡ promoter ClassⅠ promoter Silencer：DNA sequences in eukaryotes to regulate the promoter in far distance to decrease the transcription rate. Like enhancer, but results is reverse. prevent the passage of activating or inactivating effects are called insulators. are able to block passage of any activating or inactivating effects from enhancers or silencers. may provide barriers agai