疟疾malariaPPT.pptVIP

* ▲ Incubation period P. vivax and P. ovale 13~15 days P. malariae 24~30 days P. falciparum 7~12 days * ▲ Prodromal period many patients experience a prodromal period, occur in several days before the onset of paroxysm. nonspecific symptoms, such as malaise, headache, myalgia, fatigue, poor appetite, etc. * ▲ Clinical forms 1 Typical form Periodic attack of paroxysm with shaking chills-- high fever--heavy sweating. ? Shaking chills last for 20 min to 1 hrs, ? high fever: T rise to or over 40?C for 2 to 6 h, with severe headache, myalgia, and skin becomes warm and dry. ? heavy sweating: last for 30 min to 1 h, anemia and moderate splenomegaly in cases with several paroxysms. * ? Intermittent period fatigue or being asymptomatic Intermittent period (interval of attack) is determined by the length of asexual erythrocytic cycle: P. vivax and P. ovale , about 48 hrs--- paroxysm attack every other day; P. malariae, about 72 hours paroxysm attack every three days P. falciparum , 36-48 hours; paroxysm attack every 36 to 48 hrs In early stage of paroxysm, intermittent period may irregular. * ? Physical examination: Anemia and splenomegaly in patients after several paroxysms. Tender hepatomegaly in less frequently. Other physical findings: Jaundice, urticaria, petechial, rash, etc. may be seen in less frequently. * 2.Mild form Often seen in patients living in endemic region of malaria. Clinical manifestations of paroxysm are not so typical. Symptoms are milder, and persistent time is shorter. * 3.Cerebral malaria ? The most serious type of malaria. ? generally caused by P. falciparum. ? Clinical manifestations including: High fever, headache, vomiting, delirium, convulsion, coma, positive pathologic