生物化学原理教学（杨荣武）Chapter18 Metabolism overview.pptVIP

Outline Basic concept of metabolism General properties of metabolism Major methods studying metabolism Metabolome and Metabolomics Definition: the sum of all biochemical reactions that involves energy transformation. Types Catabolism: degradative pathways, three stages, usually energy-yielding! Anabolism: biosynthetic pathways, energy-requiring! Amphibolic metabolism:a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism Metabolic pathway: a cascade of reactions leading to the synthesis or degradation of a compound. Anabolic pathways Catabolic pathways Amphibolic pathway Metabolic pathways are irreversible (because they must be regulated) Reaction conditions are mild Highly conserved among species Metabolic pathways have (first) committed step Metabolic pathways are regulated Metabolic pathways are compartmentalized Anabolic and catabolic pathways must differ in at least one step in order to be regulated Metabolic pathways are compartmentalized Mitochondria (TCA cycle, OxPhos, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid breakdown) Cytosol (glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, pentose phosphate cycle) Nucleus (DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing) ER (Rough ER: synthesis of membrane and secretory proteins, smooth ER: lipid and steroid biosynthesis) Golgi (posttranslational processing of proteins) Organization of Enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway The enzymes may be separate Or may form a multienzyme complex Or may be a membrane-bound system Or may exist in a multi-funtional enzyme Or may exist in a substrate channeling New research indicates that multienzyme complexes are more common than once thought Substrate channeling Substrate channeling is the process of non-covalent direct transfer of a reaction intermediate from the active site of one enzyme to the catalytic center of a second enzyme without prior dissociation into the bulk solvent. Substrate channeling can occur within protein matrix tunnels or along electrostatic highways crossi