生物化学原理教学（杨荣武）Chapter20 Biological oxidation.pptVIP

Outline Definition Comparison with Non-biological oxidation Electron transport chain or Respiratory chain Oxidative phosphorylation (OxP) Inhibitors of ETC OxP Respiratory control and P/O ratio All oxidation reactions occurring in the living things Common features shared by Non-biological Oxidation Reaction nature is loss of electron or gain of oxygen Release the same amount of energy Unique features Mild reaction conditions Many steps Involving a lot of enzymes and coenzymes NAD+ and NAD+ -linked Dehydrogenases-NAD+ is a mobile electron carrier Flavin and Flavin-linked Dehydrogenases CoQ（UQ）-also a mobile electron carrier Iron-sulfur protein Cytochromes-Cyto c is a mobile electron carrier too O2 Reduction of NAD+ to NADH Measuring E0: Direction of electron flow is E01low → E01high (energetically favorable) Spectra analysis: carriers closer to oxygen are more oxidized. Using Specific inhibitors Artificial e-acceptors Detachment recombination of Respiratory chain and Assay of individual complexes. Coupling e- Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation This coupling was a mystery for many years Coupling mechanism Chemical coupling - Many biochemists squandered careers searching for the elusive “high energy intermediate”, but in vain. Conformational coupling The chemiosmotic hypothesis - Peter Mitchell proposed a novel idea - a proton gradient across the inner membrane could be used to drive ATP synthesis. Mitchell was ridiculed, but eventually won him a Nobel prize. The proton-motive force (pmf) is the sum of a transmembrane proton concentration (pH) gradient and electric potential Evidences supporting the chemiosmotic hypothesis How does the proton gradient build up across the inner membrane of mitochondria? Q cycle Conformational change –molecular steam engine How does a F1/F0 ATPase catalyze synthesis of ATPs? Paul Boyer’s binding change mechanism won a share of the 1997 Nobel in Chemistry F1/F0 ATP Synthase Proton diffusion through the protein drives AT