第六讲 E – C Translation 翻译课件.pptVIP

E – C Translation Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free It has marked the history of both western and Chinese translation theory for two thousand years. Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free In the West In Classical times, it was normal for translators working from Greek to provide a literal, word-for-word “translation”. Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free In the West Cicero, describing his own translation of Attic orators in 46 BC, emphasized that he did not follow the literal ‘word-for-word’ approach but, as an orator(演讲家). Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free In the West Cicero: “And I did not translate them as an interpreter, but as an orator, keeping the same ideas and forms, or as one might say, the ‘figures’ of thought, but in language which conforms to our usage. And in so doing, I did not hold it necessary to render word for word, but I preserved the general style and force of the language. ” (Cicero 46 BC/1960:364) Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free In the West Four centuries later, St Jerome described his Bible translation strategy as ‘I render not word-for-word but sense for sense’ . (Jerome 395/1997:25) Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free In China 佛经翻译中的“文与质之争” e.g. 维祗难、道安 —— 质派 支谦、鸠摩罗什 —— 文派 Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free In China 道安反对削胡适秦、饰文灭质，主张翻译必须力求合乎原文原意，“唯恐失实。” 鸠摩罗什精通佛经，又通晓梵汉两种语言，深知两种语言文辞特点，所以译经时余地较大；注重译文的藻蔚，反对佛经翻译初期质直失藻之风。 Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free What is a literal translation? A literal translation is a translation that follows closely the form of the source language. 直译≠硬译（word-for-word translation） 硬译就是只忠实于原文的形式而不忠实于原文的内容。这是翻译中的形式主义。 Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free word-for-word translation Kunta burst suddenly into tears, as much in fear as in grief. 昆塔突然大哭起来，其害怕和悲哀是一样多。 昆塔突然大哭起来，一方面是出于悲哀，另一方面是出于恐惧。 Some Major Issues Literal vs. Free word-for-word translation 书记：book record 春暖花开：spring warm flower open 贵阳：the expensive sun 严禁向窗外抛扔物品：Strictly forbidden toward window to throw to throw a product