动词不定式的讲义.docVIP

Lecture 2 Infinitive-----动词不定式 1非谓语动词 (Non-Predicate Verb)：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。 1.1 非谓语动词与谓语动词相似点有： 1.如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用。 They built a house. They suggested building a house. 2.都可被状语修饰。 The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. 3.都有主动与被动，“体”式（一般式、进行式和完成式）的变化。 He was beaten by his parents. He avoided being beaten by his parents. We have written composition. Having written the composition, we handed it in. 4.都可有逻辑主语。 We started the work at once. The boss ordered us to start the work at once. We are Party members. We being Party members, the work was well done. 1.2非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有： 1.2.1非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中作主语、宾语、表语。 1.2.2 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。 1.2.3 非谓 语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 2 动词不定式的结构形式 主 动 被 动 一 般 to do to be done 完 成 to have done to have been done 进 行 to be doing × 温馨口诀：动作同时一般式，有时还用进行式，前面动作完成式。被动要有被动式， 否定to前加not。 2.1一般式（动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生。） I’m glad to meet you.(同时) He wants to be an artist.(之后) The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack. 2.2 进行式（动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。） He seems to be reading in his room.(同时) 2.3 完成式（动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。） I regretted to have told a lie. I am sorry for the article not to have been finished in time. 3 动词不定式的作用。温馨口诀：主宾表定状，宾补能用上。 3.1 作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 3.2 作表语 His job is to clean the hall. 3.3 作宾语 I hope to see you. 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。 He found it important to study English. 也可以充当介词宾语。 I have no choice but to stay here. They did nothing except work. 有时也可与疑问词连用。 He gave us some advice on how to study English. 3.4 作宾补 I saw him come in. 3.5 作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后面。 He was the last guest to arrive. (主－动关系） He found a good house to live in. (动－宾关系） I have no wish to quarrel with you. (同位关系） 如果不定式修饰名词time, place, way,可以省略介词。 He has n