材料科学基础 课件 12.ppt

材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Chapter Ⅳ Plastic Deformation of Crystal Lesson twelve §4.1 Introduction 1. Deformation process of polycrystalline materials Deformation process of industrial material consists of three stages: Elastic, which is reversible Plastic or permant Fracture 2. Deformation mode of crystals 1) Slip 2) Twinning 3) Grain boundary sliding followed by g.b. migration 4) Diffusion 3. Basic feature of slip and twinning Both slip and twinning are shear processes under shear stresses, i.e. it is a translational movement of one portion of the crystal with respect to the other on a specific plane and along a specific direction. slip twinning The main difference between slip and twinning is that the former does not cause any change in orientation in the sense that any crystallographic direction remain the same with respect to the laboratory coordinate systems. While the latter results in change in orientation. After twinning the two parts of the crystal, twinned and untwinned, are symmetrical to some plane or orientation. Or say, one is the twin of the other. §4.2 Slip Systems Ⅰ. Definition： Slip Systems is the combination of a crystallographic plane and a direction lying on it. On the plane and along the direction slip takes place. A slip plane plus a corresponding slip direction is called a slip system. ? ? Ⅱ. Slip systems of typical crystals FCC: S.S. (Slip Systems) is {111} 110 at R.T. (temperature). There are 12 S.S. in all. HCP: S.S. BCC: CsCl: {110}100 for metals with large c/a for other HCP metals for metals with large c/a for other HCP metals Ⅲ. Schmid’s law (The condition for slip to start) The shear stress acting on slip plane along slip direction is . Slip occurs when the resolved shear stress acting on slip plane along slip direction reaches a Critical value, called the Critical stress, Critical Reso