生物化学专业术语英文解释.docVIP

Active center. ?活性中心 ?A specialized region of an enzyme where the enzyme interacts with the substrate and catalyzes its conversion to products. Many aminoacyl residues contribute to the active center. ?Adenylyl cyclase. ?腺苷酸环化酶??An enzyme that catalyzes the synthetic reaction of cyclic AMP from ATP in response to hormones such as epinephrine and glucagon.??? Alanine-glucose cycle. ?丙氨酸-葡萄糖循环??A cooperative pathway between liver and muscle in which the ammonia and carbon from amino acid metabolism are removed from the muscle as alanine, taken up by the liver, transaminated to pyruvate, converted into glucose, and shipped out back to the muscle.? ?albumin. ?清蛋白 ?Albumin makes up 50% to 55% of the proteins of plasma and is thought to be the main contributor to osmotic pressure of blood. Another important function is that albumin has very broad and non-specific binding properties. ?Allosteric enzyme. ?变构酶 ?Allosteric enzymes are enzymes whose activity at the catalytic site may be modulated by the presence of allosteric effectors at an allosteric site. Allosteric means “occupy another space”, so an allosteric effector occupy another space, giving an effect on enzymes. ?Allosteric regulation. ?变构调节 ?A type of enzyme regulation in which an effector binds to one site on the enzyme and increase or decreases the activity at another site. Allosteric regulation provides a rapid means for regulation of their activity. ?Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. 氨基酰tRNA合成酶 ?The enzymes are responsible for the recognition and attachment of the 20 amino acids to specific tRNA. ?Anticodon. 反密码子 ?The template-recognition site on tRNA is a sequence of three bases called the anticodon, which recognizes a complementary sequence of three bases on mRNA. ?Apoprotein.?载脂蛋白 ?The protein moiety of a lipoprotein. They mediate the interaction between lipoproteins and tissues. ?Apoptosis.?细胞凋亡 ?Programmed cell death. The programmed cell death is tightly regulated, which plays important roles in physiologic proc