解破学总论教学教程.pptVIP

HUMAN ANATOMY Lecturer: Dr. Jianhua Zhang Hunan University of Arts and Sciences Myofibril (肌原纤维)+核+横小管+肌质网+膜 Myofilaments (肌丝) A muscle fiber 肌纤维 Myosin(肌球蛋白) Actin (肌动蛋白) Troponin (肌钙蛋白) Tropomyosin (原肌球蛋白) Thin filaments(细肌丝) Thick filaments (粗肌丝) Question: What are the structure of the muscular fibers? 1.The General Description. 2.The Reference Lines and Regions of the Abdomen. Part II Splanchnology Content §⒈ The general description ⒈ The definition Splanchnology is the science that deals with the study of morphology and structures of the visceral(内脏的) organs. Synonym Splanchnology：内脏学 Viscera：内脏 Viscera includes the following groups Viscera 4 Systems Other structures Alimentary system Respiratory system Urinary system Genital system Endocrine system Pleura 胸膜 Peritoneum 腹膜 Perineum 会阴 ⒉ Perineum 会阴 广义会阴：是指盆膈以下封闭骨盆下口的全部软组织。包括尿生殖区和肛区。 耻骨联合下缘 尾骨尖 坐骨结节 尿生殖区 肛 区 The male perineum The female perineum 狭义会阴: 在男性系指阴囊根与肛门之间的部分。 阴囊 肛门 会阴 狭义会阴: 在女性系指阴道前庭后端与肛门之间的部分，又称产科会阴，分娩时注意保护。 胎头 大阴唇 胎头扩张时的会阴 ⒊ The main functions of the viscera(内脏) Performing the metabolism. Reproducing offspring. Secreting some hormones to regualate some activities. ⒋ The general structure of the viscera(内脏) According to their morphological characteristics, the visceral organs can be divided into two principal types: The tubular organ The parenchymatous organ Visceral organs Parenchymatous Organ实质性器官 In order to observe and describe the relative locations and the arrangements of the internal organs, it is necessary to mark reference lines on the surface of the thorax and to subdivide the abdomen into regions. §⒉ The reference lines and regions of the abdomen Reference lines in the thorax Reference lines in the abdomen Reference lines in the back ⒈ The common used reference lines There are more than 10 reference lines in the thorax and abdominal regions. Reference lines Median lines Axillary lines Sternal