流脑幻灯片教学讲义.pptVIP

MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS ;Ⅰ.General consideration ⒈ Definition Meningococcal meningitis an acute purulent meningitis caused by meningococci transmitted through respiratory tract ;⒉Clinical features ⑴high fever rapidly; ⑵severe headache; ⑶vomiting frequently; ⑷petechiae and purpura in the skin; ;⑸meningeal irritations; ⑹infectious shock and injuries in brain parenchyma occurred in severe patients and often result in death. ⒊ The incidence of meningococcal meningitis The incidence of meningococcal meningitis is the first in purulent meningitis among children. ;Ⅱ. Etiology ⒈ Gram coloration and shape Meningococcus is gram-negative as biscuit-shaped diplococci and diameter is 0.6~1μm. ⒉ Location in the body Human is natural host uniquely. Meningococci can be found in the nasopharynx of bacterial carriers, blood, cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）and petechiae or purpura in the skin, usually within polymorphonuclear leukocytes of CSF , and extracellularly in minority.;⒊ Cultural features Meningococcus is a obligate aerobes, and the colonies are best isolated on blood , chocolate agar. The organism grows best between 35 to 37℃ in an atmosphere of 5 to 10% carbon dioxide among pH 7.4 to 7.6. The organism will not grow below 32 ℃ or above 41 ℃.;⒋Serogroups Meningococci are classified by serogroup according to specific polysaccharides antigens on bacterial surface. There are 13 serogroups, included group A, B, C. D, E, H, I, K, L, X, Y, Z and W135. The most common groups are group A, B, C, and account for 90%. ; ⒌ Pathogenicity The endotoxin may play an important role in the pathogenicity of the infection of meningococci. Meningococci express pili, which are important in adhesion to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The outer membrane proteins (OMP) play a role in pathogenesis and to stimulate immune reaction,