第四章中继原理.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Relay principle Introduction Network consists of End System Information sources and destinations Intermediate System End system accessing Networking Forwarding (Relaying) the data flow Channel Data Transmitting Introduction Relay may occur at any layers Relay at Physical layer – Repeater Bit relay, channel configure and extension Relay at Link layer – Bridge PDU relay, Link configuration and extension Relay at Network layer – Gateway (Router) PDU relay, Networking Relay at Transport layer – Service Gateway PDU relay, Services distribution Relay at Application layer – Application Gateway Message relay, Information distribution Agenda Relay Types Relay Model Relay algorithm Queue schedule 1. Relay Types Bits Relay PDU Relay Message Relay Bits Relay Repeater Circuit switch HUB Bits Relay 数据上下载 高速、光同步传输网 (2.5G、10G、40G) 可配置速率的上下载 2M、[34M、56M]、155M、1G 可配置的多路P2P信道 Bits Relay Delay characteristics Delay: few bits In/Out delay Data Rate: Input and Output Rate are equal PDU Relay Ethernet Bridge Ethernet switch Router Switch Router Multi-Layer Switch Gateway Icons: Cisco Products Icons: Cisco Products (Cont.) Icons: Cisco Products (Cont.) PDU relay Delay characteristics One to One、One to Multi 、Multi to Multi relay Delay: PDU delay + processing delay Data Rate: Input and Output Rate may be different! Delay Characteristics Bits Relay PDU Relay Example 100M交换式以太网上，帧长度为10000bit，信道总长度为100米 若端点直接信道相连，端端延迟为多少？ 若其中只有一个以太网交换机，端端延迟为多少？ 若其中有5个以太网交换机，端端延迟为多少？ 若交换机间采用1G信道相连，端端延迟又是多少？ 2. Relay Model (PDU Relay) Ethernet Switch example Relay Model IP Router example Relay Model Transport connector (Relay) example Relay Model MPLS Switch example Relay Model 2 Models Relay Model Out Relay Relay Model Out Relay 分析 从S和D间实现通信的情况，并假定中继设备都是多口的 在相同协议间中继 每次中继后PDU格式保持不变(内容不一定不变) 在不同协议间中继 每此中继后PDU的格式都改变了 不同网络间的通信(关系网络互联的关键问题) 至少经过一次(不同协议间)的协议外中继 Relay Model In-Relay Relay Model In-Relay分析 由于中继在协议内完成(协议的部分功能)，容易实现各个实体的中继协调配合 如：在Header中可设置中继配合、协调信息 如：可否考虑软交换中对不同业务的中继协调？ 如：可否考虑