组织理论第1讲.pptVIP

* * * * * * * 第7章：组织与组织理论 主讲：宋典 苏州大学管理学院 2008年10月 Definition: Organization Organizations are social entities that are goal directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, and are linked to the external environment. Boulding’s Scale of System Complexity Social Systems (all of the following) Biological Systems (self maintaining) Control Systems (self regulating) Framework Systems Organizations are . . . social entities goal directed deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems linked to the external environment. TYPES of ORGANIZATIONS(requiring different structures) Small Medium Large Manufacturing -- Service Organic -- Mechanistic Profit and Not-for-Profit Categorized by Industry OPEN CLOSED SYSTEMS $20 to the person who can give an example of a closed system. An Open System and Its Subsystems Transformation Environment Raw Materials People Information Financing Input Subsystems Boundary Spanning Production Maintenance Adaptation Management Boundary Spanning Products and Services Output THE SYSTEMS APPROACH An organization is a system of subsystems. Any change in any subsystem affects all other subsystems. Chaos Theory Organizational Boundaries Do organizations have boundaries? Henry Mintzberg’s Five Basic Parts of an Organization Top Management (Direction, Goals, Strategy) Technical Support (Adaptation) Technical Core (Transformation) Administrative Support Staff Middle Management (Implement Control) Environment Size Culture Technology Structure Formalization Specialization Hierarchy of Authority Centralization Professionalism Personnel Ratios Structural Dimensions describe internal characteristics. Contextual Dimensions describe the whole organization. Goals Strategy Characteristics of three Organizations TECHNOLOGY Manufacturing Retailing Government SIZE (#employees) 4,200 200,000