读书报告BT棉花对根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物的影响评估.pptVIP

Page ? * Effect of Bt Cotton on Enzymes Activity and Microorganisms in Rhizosphere Bt棉花对根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物的影响 Usha Mina 、Anita Chaudhary、Anju Kamra Journal of Agricultural Science（2011） Outline 1 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Field preparation and cultural practices 2.2 Soil Sampling 2.3 Dehydrogenase 、Alkaline phosphatase 、Urease 、Nitrate reductase activity 2.4 Nematodes（线虫）、Collembola（弹尾目） and Ants 3 Results and discussion 1 Introduction In India nine million hectares (m ha) area was under cotton cultivation and it is one fourth of the global area under cotton cultivation . Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton was introduced in India in 2002. Following its success, during the last 7 years (2002-2008), the area under Bt cotton has increased by 7.6 m ha from 0.029 m ha . 在印度棉花的种植面积达九百万公顷，占全球棉花种植面积的四分之一。印度在2002年引进苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)棉。在过去的7年(2002 - 2008) ，种植面积从29万公顷增加到760万公顷。 James,2008 Although there are diverse benefits of Bt cotton, public concern also exist because both in vitro and in vivo studies on Bt cotton showed that Bt toxin produced in leaves, stems and roots of Bt cotton plants is introduced in soil. 通过对Bt棉体外和体内的研究表明，Bt棉花在叶片、茎和根部产生Bt毒素并释放到土壤中 。 Bt-toxin from Bt cotton plants introduced into the soil through two pathways, i.e., biomass incorporation and root exudates . Bt毒素通过两条途径从Bt棉花植物体释放到土壤，例如，生物量合成和根分泌物 。 Saxena and Stotzky 2001 Mina et al., 2008 Liu 2009 Bt toxin released in soil get adsorbed or bound on clay particles, humic components, or organic mineral complexes and then be protected against degradation by soil microorganisms (