流体地质.pptVIP

Fig. 2-18 General relationships between porosity and permeability in sandstone and carbonate rock (limestone and dolostone) lithologies, and a general trend for fracture systems in any lithology (after North, 1985) Chapter 3 FLUID FLOW IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS Flow of meteoric water into sedimentary basins Pore water flow driven by thermal convection Pore water flow by driven compaction Phase changes Overpressure Focusing flow along fractures and permeable fault planes Flow of petroleum from source rocks to reservoir rocks Heat transport by fluid flow Transport of dissolved solids in pore water Fluid flow from the underlying basement and the formation of ore deposits Fig. 3-1 Types of pore water flow in sedimentary basins. Meteoric water flow is Constantly fed by rainwater infiltration into the ground. This flow is limited by the rate of infiltration and permeability distribution in the sediments. Compaction-driven water flow is limited by the volume of water buried in the basin. The velocity of flow is mostly controlled by the rate of compaction, and the vertical component is on average lower than the rate of subsidence. Due to the low compressibility of water, the flow results from release of pressure of limited magnitude and duration. Overpressure can be expressed by the height above sea level to which a water column would have risen from the overpressured sequence. This is called the potentiometric or piezometric surface. Sea level Fig. 3-2 Meteoric water flow in a homogeneous rock matrix (uniform permeability). The flow is perpendicular to the isopotentiometric lines. Chapter 3 FLUID FLOW IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS Flow of meteoric water into sedimentary basins Pore water flow driven by thermal convection Pore water flow by driven compaction Phase changes Overpressure Focusing flow along fractures and permeable fault planes Flow of petroleum