[教育学]案例教学The Direct Instruction Model.pptVIP

The steps of presenting information 1.Analyze the content to be presented according to the needs of the learners. 2.Chart the content from the most general to the most specific material to be presented. 3.Break all skills in to small segments to be presented in a logical order. 4.Develop an advance organizer for the lesson that will provide a reference point fro the new material. 5.Select the main points or steps to be presented and limit these to a reasonable number, depending on the learners. 6.Select examples to illustrate each main point and connect each point or step to the on preceding and to the advance organizer. 7.Ask questions to check for understanding and watch for signals from the class that indicate lack of attention. 8.Summarize the main points and connect them to the next phase of the lesson. Practice, both guided and independent, is an essential part of direct instruction. In guided practice, the teacher controls the process and monitors the practice of both the group and individuals within the group. Questioning The most common form of guided practice is questioning by the teacher to check for understanding. A number of questions-more than enough for the lesson-should be prepared ahead of time. Rosenshine identifies four types of student responses to questions: 1.Correct, quick, and firm 2.Correct but hesitant 3.Incorrect but careless 4.Incorrect and lacking knowledge of facts or process Correcting Error Do not blame students for not learning the material, and do not go on if what you have done has not worked. Watch for signals from the class. Confused learners will usually act out in some manner. Independent practice requires careful monitoring of students practicing a new skill on their own or in small groups. Before assigning students independent work, however, sufficient time must be spent in guided practice to ensure that they are prepared to work on their own. Worksheets If worksheets are used for independent practice, they should be introdu